+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Symbol | Name | Scale degrees | Notes in

C

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 5 | Power chord | 1, 5 |

C

G

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | Major | 1, 3, 5 |

C

E

G

| | m | Minor | 1, m3, 5 |

C

Eb

G

| | sus2 | Suspended 2nd | 1, 2, 5 |

C

D

G

| | sus4 | Suspended 4th | 1, 4, 5 |

C

F

G

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | dim, o | Diminished | 1, m3, b5 |

C

Eb

Gb

| | b5 | Flat 5 | 1, 3, b5 |

C

E

Gb

| | aug, + | Augmented | 1, 3, #5 |

C

E

G#

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 6 | Added 6th | 1, 3, 5, 6 |

C

E

G

A

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 7 | Dominant 7th | 1, 3, 5, m7 |

C

E

G

Bb

| | m7 | Minor 7th | 1, m3, 5, m7 |

C

Eb

G

Bb

| | maj7, Δ | Major 7th | 1, 3, 5, 7 |

C

E

G

B

| | maj6 | Major 6th | 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 |

C

E

G

A

B

| | 7b5 | Dominant 7 Flat 5 | 1, 3, b5, m7 |

C

E

Gb

Bb

| | m7b5, ø | Half-Diminished | 1, m3, b5, m7 |

C

Eb

Gb

Bb

| | m(maj7) | Minor Major 7th | 1, m3, 5, 7 |

C

Eb

G

B

| | dim7, o7 | Diminished 7th | 1, m3, b5, bb7 |

C

Eb

Gb

A

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 9 | Dominant 9th | 1, 3, 5, m7, 9 |

C

E

G

Bb

D

| | maj9 | Major 9th | 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 |

C

E

G

B

D

| | m9 | Minor 9th | 1, m3, 5, m7, 9 |

C

Eb

G

Bb

D

| | 6/9 | 6add9 | 1, 3, 5, 6, 9 |

C

E

G

A

D

| | 7#9 | Hendrix chord | 1, 3, 5, m7, #9 |

C

E

G

Bb

D#

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 11 | Dominant 11th | 1, 3, 5, m7, 9, 11 |

C

E

G

Bb

D

F

| | maj11 | Major 11th | 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 |

C

E

G

B

D

F

| | m11 | Minor 11th | 1, m3, 5, m7, 9, 11 |

C

Eb

G

Bb

D

F

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 13 | Dominant 13th | 1, 3, 5, m7, 9, 11, 13 |

C

E

G

Bb

D

F

A

| | maj13 | Major 13th | 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 |

C

E

G

B

D

F

A

| | m13 | Minor 13th | 1, m3, 5, m7, 9, 11, 13 |

C

Eb

G

Bb

D

F

A

| +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ More Stacked 3rds ================= 9th == 2nd on top 11th == 4th on top 13th == 6th on top You may see +/- instead of #/b (e.g. 7b5 = 7-5, or 7#9 = 7+9). Diminished Chords ================= Diminished 7th chords are constructed from four stacked minor thirds (1,m3,b5,bb7). The bb7 in the dim7 chord is equivalent to the 6th degree of the scale. The inversions of these chords overlap, so there are only 3 unique dim7 chords:

Cdim7

=

D#dim7

=

F#dim7

=

Adim7

=

xx1212

C#dim7

=

Edim7

=

Gdim7

=

A#dim7

=

xx2323

Ddim7

=

Fdim7

=

G#dim7

=

Bdim7

=

xx3434

The m7b5 chord (ø) is sometimes called "half-diminished" (because the seventh is not diminished). A half-diminised chord can be played as a minor triad (based on the minor 3rd) over the root note:

Cm7b5

=

Ebm/c

Augmented Chords ================ Augmented 5th chords are constructed from three stacked major thirds (1,3,#5). The inversions of these chords overlap, so there are only 4 unique augmented chords:

C+

=

E+

=

G#+

C#+

=

F+

=

A+

D+

=

F#+

=

A#+

D#+

=

B+

=

G+

An augmented minor triad produces an inverted major triad based on the raised 5th: =

+----+ |

C

| +----+ +----+ +----+ |

F

| |

G

| +----+

Am

+----+ +----+

Dm

Em

+----+ |

Bb

| |

D

| +----+ +----+

Gm

Bm

+----+ +----+ |

Eb

|

Cm

F#m

|

A

| +----+ +----+

Fm

C#m

+----+ +----+ |

Ab

| |

E

| +----+

Bbm

G#m

+----+ +----+

Ebm

+----+ |

Db

| |

B

| +----+ +----+ +----+ |

Gb

| +----+ +---------------+ | Notes in key | +--------------------------------------+---------------+ | Degree | Name | Mode |

C

|

Cm

| |--------|----------------|------------|-------|-------| | 1 | Tonic | Ionian |

C

|

C

| | 2 | Supertonic | Dorian |

D

|

D

| | 3 | Mediant | Phrygian |

E

|

Eb

| | 4 | Subdominant | Lydian |

F

|

F

| | 5 | Dominant | Mixolydian |

G

|

G

| | 6 | Submediant | Aeolian |

A

|

Ab

| | 7 | Leading Tone | Locrian |

B

|

Bb

| | 1 | Tonic | Ionian |

C

|

C

| +------------------------------------------------------+

C

Ionian Scale (Major)
+----------------------------------+ | W | W | h | W | W | W | h | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

E

|

F

|

G

|

A

|

B

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ Do - Re - Mi - Fa - Sol- La - Ti - Do! +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 3 5 |

C

E

G

|

C

| | 2 | 2 4 6 |

D

F

A

|

Dm

| | 3 | 3 5 7 |

E

G

B

|

Em

| | 4 | 4 6 1 |

F

A

C

|

F

| | 5 | 5 7 2 |

G

B

D

|

G

| | 6 | 6 1 3 |

A

C

E

|

Am

| | 7 | 7 2 4 |

B

D

F

|

Bdim

| | 1 | 1 3 5 |

C

E

G

|

C

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-7--|-8*-|----|----|----|

|----|-8--|----|-10-|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|-10-|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|-10*|----|

|-7--|-8--|----|-10-|----|

|----|-8*-|----|-10-|----|

2

|-10-|----|----|----|----|

|-10-|----|-12-|-13*|----|

|-10-|----|-12-|----|----|

|-10*|----|-12-|----|-14-|

|-10-|----|-12-|----|-14-|

|-10-|----|-12-|-13-|----|

3

|-12-|----|----|----|----|

|-12-|-13*|----|-15-|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|----|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|-15-|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|-15*|----|

|-12-|-13-|----|-15-|----|

4

|-1--|----|-3--|----|----|

|----|----|-3--|----|-5--|

|----|-2--|----|-4--|-5*-|

|----|-2--|-3--|----|-5--|

|----|-2--|-3*-|----|-5--|

|----|----|-3--|----|-5--|

5

|-5--|----|----|----|----|

|-5--|-6--|----|-8--|----|

|-5*-|----|-7--|----|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|----|-9--|

|-5--|----|-7--|-8--|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|-8*-|----|

C

Dorian Scale
+----------------------------------+ | W | h | W | W | W | h | W | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | b3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | b7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

Eb

|

F

|

G

|

A

|

Bb

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This is the Aeolian (natural minor) scale, but with a raised sixth. +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| | 2 | 2 4 6 |

D

F

A

|

Dm

| | 3 | b3 5 b7 |

Eb

G

Bb

|

Eb

| | 4 | 4 6 1 |

F

A

C

|

F

| | 5 | 5 b7 2 |

G

Bb

D

|

Gm

| | 6 | 6 1 b3 |

A

C

Eb

|

Adim

| | 7 | b7 2 4 |

Bb

D

F

|

Bb

| | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-8*-|----|----|----|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|-11-|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|----|

|-8--|----|-10*|----|-12-|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|-12-|

|-8*-|----|-10-|-11-|----|

2

|-11-|----|----|----|----|

|----|----|-13*|----|-15-|

|----|-12-|----|-14-|-15-|

|----|-12-|-13-|----|-15-|

|----|-12-|-13-|----|-15*|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15-|

3

|-1--|----|----|----|----|

|----|----|-3--|-4--|----|

|----|-2--|-3--|----|-5*-|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|-5--|

|-1--|----|-3*-|----|-5--|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|-5--|

4

|-3--|----|----|----|----|

|-3--|-4--|----|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|-5*-|----|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|----|-7--|

|-3*-|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|-6--|----|

5

|-5--|-6--|----|----|----|

|----|-6--|----|-8--|----|

|-5*-|----|-7--|-8--|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|-8--|----|

|-5--|-6--|----|-8--|----|

|----|-6--|----|-8*-|----|

C

Phrygian Scale
+----------------------------------+ | h | W | W | W | h | W | W | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | b2 | b3 | 4 | 5 | b6 | b7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

Db

|

Eb

|

F

|

G

|

Ab

|

Bb

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This is the Aeolian (natural minor) scale with a flattened 7th. +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| | 2 | b2 4 b6 |

Db

F

Ab

|

Db

| | 3 | b3 5 b7 |

Eb

G

Bb

|

Eb

| | 4 | 4 b6 1 |

F

Ab

C

|

Fm

| | 5 | 5 b7 b2 |

G

Bb

Db

|

Gdim

| | 6 | b6 1 b3 |

Ab

C

Eb

|

Ab

| | 7 | b7 b2 4 |

Bb

Db

F

|

Bbm

| | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-8*-|----|----|----|----|

|-8--|-9--|----|-11-|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|----|

|-8--|----|-10*|-11-|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|-11-|----|

|-8*-|-9--|----|-11-|----|

2

|-11-|----|----|----|----|

|----|----|-13*|-14-|----|

|----|-12-|-13-|----|-15-|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15-|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15*|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15-|

3

|-1--|----|----|----|----|

|-1*-|-2--|----|-4--|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|-5--|

|-1--|----|-3*-|-4--|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|-4--|----|

4

|-3--|----|----|----|----|

|----|-4--|-6--|----|----|

|-3--|----|-5*-|-6--|----|

|-3--|-5--|-6--|----|----|

|-3*-|-4--|-6--|----|----|

|-3--|-4--|-6--|----|----|

C

Lydian Scale
+----------------------------------+ | W | W | W | h | W | W | h | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | #4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

E

|

F#

|

G

|

A

|

B

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This is the major scale with raised fourth. This forms a tritone above the tonic. +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 3 5 |

C

E

G

|

C

| | 2 | 2 #4 6 |

D

F#

A

|

D

| | 3 | 3 5 7 |

E

G

B

|

Em

| | 4 | #4 6 1 |

F#

A

C

|

F#dim

| | 5 | 5 7 2 |

G

B

D

|

G

| | 6 | 6 1 3 |

A

C

E

|

Am

| | 7 | 7 2 #4 |

B

D

F#

|

Bm

| | 1 | 1 3 5 |

C

E

G

|

C

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-7--|-8*-|----|----|----|

|-7--|-8--|----|-10-|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|----|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|-10*|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|-10-|----|

|----|-8*-|----|-10-|----|

2

|-8*-|----|-10-|----|----|

|----|----|-10-|----|-12-|

|----|-9--|----|-11-|-12-|

|----|-9--|-10*|----|-12-|

|----|-9--|-10-|----|-12-|

|----|----|-10-|----|-12-|

3

|-12-|----|----|----|----|

|-12-|-13*|----|-15-|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|----|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|----|-16-|

|-12-|----|-14-|-15*|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|-15-|----|

4

|-2--|-3--|----|----|----|

|----|-3--|----|-5--|----|

|-2--|----|-4--|-5*-|----|

|-2--|----|-4--|-5--|----|

|-2--|-3*-|----|-5--|----|

|----|-3--|----|-5--|----|

5

|-5--|----|----|----|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|-8--|----|

|-5*-|----|-7--|----|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|----|-9--|

|-5--|----|-7--|----|-9--|

|-5--|----|-7--|-8*-|----|

C

Mixolydian Scale (Dominant)
+----------------------------------+ | W | W | h | W | W | h | W | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | b7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

E

|

F

|

G

|

A

|

Bb

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This is the major scale with a flattened 7th. The tonic chord is

C7

, which is why it is called the dominant 7th. +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 3 5 |

C

E

G

|

C

| | 2 | 2 4 6 |

D

F

A

|

Dm

| | 3 | 3 5 b7 |

E

G

Bb

|

Edim

| | 4 | 4 6 1 |

F

A

C

|

F

| | 5 | 5 b7 2 |

G

Bb

D

|

Gm

| | 6 | 6 1 3 |

A

C

E

|

Am

| | 7 | b7 2 4 |

Bb

D

F

|

Bb

| | 1 | 1 3 5 |

C

E

G

|

C

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-6--|----|-8*-|----|----|

|----|----|-8--|----|-10-|

|----|-7--|----|-9--|-10-|

|----|-7--|-8--|----|-10*|

|----|-7--|-8--|----|-10-|

|----|----|-8*-|----|-10-|

2

|-10-|----|----|----|----|

|-10-|-11-|----|-13*|----|

|-10-|----|-12-|----|----|

|-10*|----|-12-|----|-14-|

|-10-|----|-12-|----|-14-|

|-10-|----|-12-|----|-14-|

3

|-12-|----|----|----|----|

|----|-13*|----|-15-|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|-15-|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|-15-|----|

|-12-|-13-|----|-15*|----|

|-12-|-13-|----|-15-|----|

4

|-3--|----|----|----|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|-5*-|----|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|----|-7--|

|-3*-|----|-5--|----|-7--|

|-3--|----|-5--|-6--|----|

5

|-5--|----|----|----|----|

|-5--|-6--|----|-8--|----|

|-5*-|----|-7--|----|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|-8--|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|-8--|----|

|-5--|-6--|----|-8*-|----|

C

Aeolian Scale (Natural Minor)
+----------------------------------+ | W | h | W | W | h | W | W | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | b3 | 4 | 5 | b6 | b7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

Eb

|

F

|

G

|

Ab

|

Bb

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This scale contains all the same notes as the relative major scale (

Eb

). +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| | 2 | 2 4 b6 |

D

F

Ab

|

Ddim

| | 3 | b3 5 b7 |

Eb

G

Bb

|

Eb

| | 4 | 4 b6 1 |

F

Ab

C

|

Fm

| | 5 | 5 b7 2 |

G

Bb

D

|

Gm

| | 6 | b6 1 b3 |

Ab

C

Eb

|

Ab

| | 7 | b7 2 4 |

Bb

D

F

|

Bb

| | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-8*-|----|----|----|----|

|----|-9--|----|-11-|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|-12-|

|-8--|----|-10*|----|-12-|

|-8--|----|-10-|-11-|----|

|-8*-|----|-10-|-11-|----|

2

|-11-|----|----|----|----|

|----|----|-13*|-15-|----|

|----|-12-|-13-|-15-|----|

|----|-12-|-13-|-15-|----|

|-11-|----|-13-|-15*|----|

|-11-|----|-13-|-15-|----|

3

|-1--|----|----|----|----|

|-1*-|----|-3--|-4--|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|-5--|

|-1--|----|-3*-|----|-5--|

|-1--|----|-3--|-4--|----|

4

|-3--|----|----|----|----|

|-3--|-4--|----|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|-5*-|----|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|-3*-|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|-3--|-4--|----|-6--|----|

5

|-6--|----|----|----|----|

|----|----|-8--|-9--|----|

|----|-7--|-8--|----|-10-|

|-6--|----|-8--|----|-10*|

|-6--|----|-8--|----|-10-|

|-6--|----|-8*-|----|-10-|

C

Locrian Scale
+----------------------------------+ | h | W | W | h | W | W | W | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | b2 | b3 | 4 | b5 | b6 | b7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

Db

|

Eb

|

F

|

Gb

|

Ab

|

Bb

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This is the Aeolian (natural minor) scale with a flattened 2nd and 5th. This means the tonic chord is diminished. +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 b3 b5 |

C

Eb

Gb

|

Cdim

| | 2 | b2 4 b6 |

Db

F

Ab

|

Db

| | 3 | b3 b5 b7 |

Eb

Gb

Bb

|

Ebm

| | 4 | 4 b6 1 |

F

Ab

C

|

Fm

| | 5 | b5 b7 b2 |

Gb

Bb

Db

|

Gb

| | 6 | b6 1 b3 |

Ab

C

Eb

|

Ab

| | 7 | b7 b2 4 |

Bb

Db

F

|

Bbm

| | 1 | 1 b3 b5 |

C

Eb

Gb

|

Cdim

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-8*-|----|----|----|----|

|----|-9--|----|-11-|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|-11-|----|

|-8--|----|-10*|-11-|----|

|-8--|-9--|----|-11-|----|

|-8*-|-9--|----|-11-|----|

2

|-11-|----|----|----|----|

|-11-|----|-13*|-14-|----|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|----|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15-|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15*|

|-11-|----|-13-|-14-|----|

3

|-1--|----|----|----|----|

|-1*-|-2--|----|-4--|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|-4--|----|

|-1--|----|-3*-|-4--|----|

|-1--|-2--|----|-4--|----|

4

|-2--|----|----|----|----|

|----|----|-4--|----|-6--|

|----|-3--|----|-5*-|-6--|

|----|-3--|-4--|----|-6--|

|----|-3*-|-4--|----|-6--|

|-2--|----|-4--|----|-6--|

5

|-6--|----|----|----|----|

|----|-7--|-9--|----|----|

|-6--|----|-8--|----|-10-|

|-6--|----|-8--|----|-10*|

|-6--|----|-8--|-9--|----|

|-6--|----|-8*-|-9--|----|

C

Harmonic Minor Scale
+----------------------------------+ | W | h | W | W | h | m3 | h | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | b3 | 4 | 5 | b6 | 7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

Eb

|

F

|

G

|

Ab

|

B

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This is the Aeolian (natural minor) scale with a raised 7th. +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| | 2 | 2 4 b6 |

D

F

Ab

|

Ddim

| | 3 | b3 5 7 |

Eb

G

B

|

Eb+

| | 4 | 4 b6 1 |

F

Ab

C

|

Fm

| | 5 | 5 7 2 |

G

B

D

|

G

| | 6 | b6 1 b3 |

Ab

C

Eb

|

Ab

| | 7 | 7 2 4 |

B

D

F

|

Bdim

| | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-8*-|----|----|----|----|

|----|-9--|----|----|-12-|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|-12-|

|----|-9--|-10*|----|-12-|

|-8--|----|-10-|-11-|----|

|-8*-|----|-10-|-11-|----|

2

|-11-|----|----|----|----|

|----|-12-|-13*|----|-15-|

|----|-12-|-13-|----|----|

|----|-12-|-13-|----|-15-|

|-11-|----|----|-14-|-15*|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15-|

3

|-1--|----|----|----|----|

|-1*-|----|-3--|-4--|----|

|-1--|----|----|-4--|----|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|-5--|

|----|-2--|-3*-|----|-5--|

|-1--|----|-3--|-4--|----|

4

|-3--|----|----|----|----|

|-3--|-4--|----|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|-5*-|----|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|-3*-|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|-3--|-4--|----|----|-7--|

5

|----|-7--|----|----|----|

|----|----|-8--|-9--|----|

|----|-7--|-8--|----|-10-|

|-6--|----|----|-9--|-10*|

|-6--|----|-8--|----|-10-|

|-7--|----|-8*-|----|-10-|

C

Melodic Minor Scale
+----------------------------------+ | W | h | W | W | W | W | h | +---------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | b3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | +---------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

Eb

|

F

|

G

|

A

|

B

|

C

| +---------------------------------------+ This is the major scale with a flattened 3rd. Or the Aeolian (natural minor) scale with raised 6th and 7th. +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| | 2 | 2 4 6 |

D

F

A

|

Dm

| | 3 | b3 5 7 |

Eb

G

B

|

Eb+

| | 4 | 4 6 1 |

F

A

C

|

F

| | 5 | 5 7 2 |

G

B

D

|

G

| | 6 | 6 1 b3 |

A

C

Eb

|

Adim

| | 7 | 7 2 4 |

B

D

F

|

Bdim

| | 1 | 1 b3 5 |

C

Eb

G

|

Cm

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-8*-|----|----|----|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|-12-|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|----|

|----|-9--|-10*|----|-12-|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|-12-|

|-8*-|----|-10-|-11-|----|

2

|-11-|----|----|----|----|

|----|-12-|-13*|----|-15-|

|----|-12-|----|-14-|----|

|----|-12-|-13-|----|-15-|

|----|-12-|----|-14-|-15*|

|-11-|----|-13-|----|-15-|

3

|-1--|----|----|----|----|

|----|----|-3--|-4--|----|

|----|-2--|----|-4--|-5*-|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|-5--|

|----|-2--|-3*-|----|-5--|

|-1--|----|-3--|----|-5--|

4

|-3--|----|----|----|----|

|----|-4--|----|-6--|----|

|----|-4--|-5*-|----|-7--|

|-3--|----|-5--|----|-7--|

|-3*-|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|----|-7--|

5

|----|-7--|----|----|----|

|----|----|-8--|----|-10-|

|----|-7--|-8--|----|-10-|

|----|-7--|----|-9--|-10*|

|-6--|----|-8--|----|-10-|

|----|-7--|-8*-|----|-10-|

C

Whole Tone Scale
+-----------------------------+ | W | W | W | W | W | W | +----------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | #4 | #5 | b7 | 8 | +----------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

E

|

F#

|

G#

|

A#

|

C

| +----------------------------------+ +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 3 #5 |

C

E

G#

|

C+

| | 2 | 2 #4 b7 |

D

F#

A#

|

D+

| | 3 | 3 #5 1 |

E

G#

C

|

E+

| | 4 | #4 b7 2 |

F#

A#

D

|

F#+

| | 5 | #5 1 3 |

G#

C

E

|

G#+

| | 6 | b7 2 #4 |

A#

D

F#

|

A#+

| | 1 | 1 3 #5 |

C

E

G#

|

C+

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|----|-8--|----|----|----|

|----|----|-9--|----|-11-|

|-7--|----|-9--|----|-11-|

|----|-8--|----|-10*|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|----|-11-|

|----|-8*-|----|-10-|----|

2

|-2--|----|----|----|----|

|----|-3--|----|-5--|----|

|----|-3--|----|-5*-|----|

|-2--|----|-4--|----|-6--|

|----|-3*-|----|-5--|----|

|-2--|----|-4--|----|-6--|

C

Diminished Scale (Whole-Half)
+---------------------------------------+ | W | h | W | h | W | h | W | h | +--------------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | b3 | 4 | b5 | #5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | +--------------------------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

Eb

|

F

|

Gb

|

Ab

|

A

|

B

|

C

| +--------------------------------------------+ +-------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 b3 b5 |

C

Eb

Gb

|

Cdim

| | 2 | 2 4 #5 |

D

F

Ab

|

Ddim

| | 3 | b3 b5 6 |

Eb

Gb

A

|

Ebdim

| | 4 | 4 #5 7 |

F

Ab

B

|

Fdim

| | 5 | b5 6 1 |

Gb

A

C

|

Gbdim

| | 6 | #5 7 2 |

Ab

B

D

|

Abdim

| | 7 | 6 1 b3 |

A

C

Eb

|

Adim

| | 8 | 7 2 4 |

B

D

F

|

Bdim

| | 1 | 1 b3 b5 |

C

Eb

Gb

|

Cdim

| +---+-----------+-----------+-------+ 1

|-7--|-8*-|----|----|----|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|-10-|----|----|

|-7--|-8--|----|-10-|----|----|

|-7--|-9--|----|-10*|----|----|

|----|-8--|-9--|----|-11-|----|

|----|-8*-|----|-10-|-11-|----|

2

|-2--|----|-4--|----|----|----|

|----|-3--|-4--|----|-6--|----|

|-2--|----|-4--|-5*-|----|----|

|----|-3--|-4--|----|-6--|----|

|----|-3*-|----|-5--|-6--|----|

|----|----|-4--|-5--|----|-7--|

C

Major Pentatonic Scale
+------------------------+ | W | W | m3 | W | M3 | +-----------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | +-----------------------------+ |

C

|

D

|

E

|

G

|

A

|

C

| +-----------------------------+ This is the major scale without the 4th and 7th scale degrees. In

C

this means omitting the

F

and the

B

. +-----------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 1 | 1 3 6 |

C

E

A

|

Am/c

| | 2 | 2 5 1 |

D

G

C

|

Gsus4/d

| | 3 | 3 6 2 |

E

A

D

|

Asus4/e

| | 4 | 5 1 3 |

G

C

E

|

C/g

| | 5 | 6 2 5 |

A

D

G

|

Dsus4/a

| | 1 | 1 3 6 |

C

E

A

|

Am/c

| +---+-----------+-----------+-----------+ 1

|----|-8*-|----|----|----|

|----|-8--|----|-10-|----|

|-7--|----|-9--|----|----|

|-7--|----|----|-10*|----|

|-7--|----|----|-10-|----|

|----|-8*-|----|-10-|----|

2

|----|-10-|----|----|----|

|----|-10-|----|----|-13*|

|-9--|----|----|-12-|----|

|----|-10*|----|-12-|----|

|----|-10-|----|-12-|----|

|----|-10-|----|-12-|----|

3

|-12-|----|----|----|----|

|----|-13*|----|-15-|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|----|----|

|-12-|----|-14-|----|----|

|-12-|----|----|-15*|----|

|-12-|----|----|-15-|----|

4

|----|-3--|----|----|----|

|----|-3--|-5--|----|----|

|-2--|----|-5*-|----|----|

|-2--|----|-5--|----|----|

|----|-3*-|-5--|----|----|

|----|-3--|-5--|----|----|

5

|-5--|----|----|----|----|

|-5--|----|----|-8--|----|

|-5*-|----|-7--|----|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|----|----|

|-5--|----|-7--|----|----|

|-5--|----|----|-8*-|----|

C

Minor Pentatonic Scale
+------------------------+ | m3 | W | W | m3 | W | +-----------------------------+ | 1 | b3 | 4 | 5 | b7 | 8 | +-----------------------------+ |

C

|

Eb

|

F

|

G

|

Bb

|

C

| +-----------------------------+ This is the Aeolian (natural minor) scale without the 2nd and 6th scale degrees. In

C

this means omitting the

D

and the

A

. +-----------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 1 | 1 4 b7 |

C

F

Bb

|

Bbsus2/c

| | 2 | b3 5 1 |

Eb

G

C

|

Cm/eb

| | 3 | 4 b7 b3 |

F

Bb

Eb

|

Ebsus2/f

| | 4 | 5 1 4 |

G

C

F

|

Csus4/g

| | 5 | b7 b3 5 |

Bb

Eb

G

|

Eb/bb

| | 1 | 1 4 b7 |

C

F

Bb

|

Bbsus2/c

| +---+-----------+-----------+-----------+ 1

|-8--|----|----|----|----|

|-8--|----|----|-11-|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|----|

|-8--|----|-10*|----|----|

|-8--|----|-10-|----|----|

|-8*-|----|----|-11-|----|

2

|----|-11-|----|----|----|

|----|-11-|----|-13-|----|

|-10-|----|-12-|----|----|

|-10*|----|----|-13-|----|

|-10-|----|----|-13-|----|

|----|-11-|----|-13-|----|

3

|----|-1--|----|----|----|

|----|-1*-|----|----|-4--|

|-0--|----|----|-3--|----|

|----|-1--|----|-3--|----|

|----|-1--|----|-3*-|----|

|----|-1--|----|-3--|----|

4

|-3--|----|----|----|----|

|----|-4--|----|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|-5*-|----|----|

|-3--|----|-5--|----|----|

|-3*-|----|----|-6--|----|

|-3--|----|----|-6--|----|

5

|----|-6--|----|----|----|

|----|-6--|----|-8--|----|

|-5*-|----|----|-8--|----|

|-5--|----|----|-8--|----|

|----|-6--|----|-8--|----|

|----|-6--|----|-8*-|----|

C

Minor Blues Scale (m3, b5)
+-----------------------------+ | m3 | W | h | h | m3 | W | +----------------------------------+ | 1 | b3 | 4 | b5 | 5 | b7 | 8 | +----------------------------------+ |

C

|

Eb

|

F

|

Gb

|

G

|

Bb

|

C

| +----------------------------------+ This is a minor pentatonic scale with an added b5. +-----------------------------------+ | Harmonised Scale | +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Intervals | Notes | Chord | +---+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 1 | 1 4 5 |

C

F

G

|

Fsus2/c

| | 2 | b3 b5 b7 |

Eb

Gb

Bb

|

Ebm

| | 3 | 4 5 1 |

F

G

C

|

Fsus2

| | 4 | b5 b7 b3 |

Gb

Bb

Eb

|

Ebm/gb

| | 5 | 5 1 4 |

G

C

F

|

Fsus2/g

| | 6 | b7 b3 b5 |

Bb

Eb

Gb

|

Ebm/bb

| | 7 | 1 4 5 |

C

F

G

|

Fsus2/c

| +---+-----------+-----------+-----------+ 1

|----|-8--|----|----|----|

|----|-8--|----|----|-11-|

|----|-8--|-9--|-10-|-11-|

|----|-8--|----|-10-|----|

|-7--|-8--|-9--|-10-|----|

|----|-8*-|----|----|-11-|

2

|----|-11-|----|----|----|

|----|-11-|----|-13*|----|

|-10-|-11-|-12-|----|----|

|-10*|----|----|-13-|-14-|

|-10-|----|----|-13-|----|

|----|-11-|-12-|-13-|-14-|

3

|-11-|-12-|-13-|----|----|

|-11-|-13*|----|----|----|

|-11-|-12-|----|----|----|

|----|----|-13-|-14-|-15-|

|----|----|-13-|----|-15*|

|----|----|-13-|-14-|-15-|

4

|-2--|-3--|----|----|----|

|----|----|-4--|-5--|-6--|

|----|-3--|----|-5*-|----|

|-2--|-3--|-4--|-5--|----|

|----|-3*-|----|----|-6--|

|-3--|----|----|----|-6--|

5

|----|-6--|----|----|----|

|-5--|-6--|-7--|-8--|----|

|-5*-|----|----|-8--|----|

|-5--|----|----|-8--|----|

|----|-6--|-7--|-8--|-9--|

|----|-6--|----|-8*-|----|

Key: Secondary dominants +----+--------+ | | V/ii | | | V/iii | | | V/iv | = I | | V/v | | | V/vi | | | V/vii | +----+--------+ Secondary subdominants +----+--------+ | | IV/ii | = V | | IV/iii | | | IV/iv | | | IV/v | = I | | IV/vi | | | IV/vii | +----+--------+

Most fretted stringed instruments are chromatic, meaning there are frets at each semitone interval. The guitar octave below will work for any of these. However, the dulcimer is fretted diatonically, meaning that only the diatonic scale is available (and maybe the flattened seventh, if there is a 6+ fret). +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ Guitar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +----+---------+---------+----+---------+---------+----+---------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------+---------+----+---------+---------+----+----+----+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6+ | 7 | +----+---------+---------+----+---------+---------+----+----+----+ Dulcimer | | | | | | | | | | +----+---------+---------+----+---------+---------+----+----+----+

Notes on a

C

harp (including

overblows

and

overdraws

): +----+ |

Bb

| +----+ +--------------+ +--------------+ |

Eb

| |

Eb

|

F#

|

Bb

| |

Eb

|

F#

|

B

| +-------------------------------------------------+ |

C

|

E

|

G

|

C

|

E

|

G

|

C

|

E

|

G

|

C

| blow ↑ +-------------------------------------------------+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | draw ↓ +-------------------------------------------------+ |

D

|

G

|

B

|

D

|

F

|

A

|

B

|

D

|

F

|

A

| +-------------------------------------------------+ |

Db

|

F#

|

Bb

|

Db

| |

Ab

|

C#

| |

Ab

|

C#

| +-------------------+ +---------+ +---------+ |

F

|

A

| +---------+ |

Ab

| +----+ +------------------+----------+-----------------+--------+---------------------------------------+ |

C

harp position | Song key | Interval (Mode) | Root | Song example | +------------------+----------+-----------------+--------+---------------------------------------+ | 1st (straight) |

C

| 1 (Ionian) | 1 blow | Mr Tambourine Man | | 2nd (cross) |

G

| 5 (Mixolydian) | 2 draw | Don't Think Twice, It's All Right | | 3rd (slant) |

Dm

| 2 (Dorian) | 1 draw | The River | | 4th |

Am

| 6 (Aeolian) | 6 draw | All Along The Watchtower | | 5th |

Em

| 3 (Phrygian) | 2 blow | As I Went Out One Morning | | 6th |

Bdim

| 7 (Locrian) | 3 draw | ??? | | 12th |

F

| 4 (Lydian) | 5 draw | Lily, Rosemary and the Jack of Hearts | +------------------+----------+-----------------+--------+---------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------+ | Harp Position | +----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ | Song key | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 12th | +----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ |

C

|

C

|

F

| | | |

G

| +----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ |

Am

| | |

G

|

C

|

F

| | +----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

* * * * * +-----------------------------------------------------+ | 16' | 5½' | 8' | 4' | 2⅔' | 2' | 1⅗' | 1⅓' | 1' | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | I | V | I | I | V | I | III | V | I | +-----------------------------------------------------+ |

C

|

G

|

C

|

C

|

G

|

C

|

E

|

G

|

C

| +-----------------------------------------------------+ Classic Reeds